Is Calif. Ban on Violent Video Games Legal?

Are violent video games analogous to literature, which is not restricted by age, or is that a silly comparison? The U.S. Supreme Court is preparing to hear a case regardingCalifornia's state ban on the sale of violent video games to minors.

Those in favor of the ban say it is important and necessary to protect the children. (You always hear a lot about "the children" around election time.) Publishers and filmmakers say the kids are going to be just fine, but restricting video games is wrong and could have a chilling effect. California officials and their defenders say the ban is important to protect children. Publishers and filmmakers argue that if the Supreme Court sides with California, the action could chill creativity in other media.

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Welfare, Well-Being, and Happiness

Normative legal theory is concerned with the ends and justifications for the law as a whole and for particular legal rules.  Previous entries in the legal have examined exemplars of the three great traditions in normative theory--consequentialist, deontological, and aretaic (or virtue-centered) perspectives.  There are important differences between these three families of theories at a very general and abstract level: for example, deontologists emphasize rights and wrongs while consequentialists emphasize the goodness or badness of states of affairs.  And there are differences between particular theories within the broad families: within consequentialism, for example, welfarists emphasize preference satisfaction, whereas hedonistic utiliarians emphasize pleasure and pain...

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Prosecutor Accused of 'Sexting' Abuse Victim

According to MSNBC, Kratz sent over thirty sexually suggestive text messages to the 26 year-old abuse victim in a case he was assigned to prosecute. The three day sexting barrage was in an effort to start a relationship with a women who was fresh off a very, very bad relationship. Telling her several times she is "hot" or referring to her as a "tall, young, hot nymph," the 50 year-old Kratz originally denied that his texts were sexual in nature. The victim, Shannon Van Groll, felt otherwise. Van Groll reported the sexting to the police, but was worried that Kratz would drop the case against her ex-boyfriend if she did not respond to his advances. MSNBC quotes spokesman Tony Gibart: "His actions were more than a lapse in judgment. They in fact do have far reaching implications for victim safety and public safety."

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Michael Douglas Cancer: Failure to Diagnose?

Recently, producer and actor Michael Douglas announced he has stage IV throat cancer and is currently undergoing radiation and chemotherapy. According to interviews,Douglas said he sought treatment for a very sore throat earlier in the summer. He saw many doctors who could not find the cause of the problem until very recently.

According to the London Telegraph, it was not until a biopsy in early August that the cancer was revealed. A walnut-sized tumor was discovered at the base of Douglas's tongue. Reportedly, symptoms of a dry and sore throat, ear pain and vocal problems did not point the way to the true problem until months after Douglas first sought help.

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Restaurant Fined for Toad Licking Chef Video

Do you know what your employees are up to? If you don't chances are someone else will, and you might face legal trouble because of it. A restaurant owner in Iowa is being fined, thanks to the toad loving antics of his chef. The Scott County Health Department officials also very much appreciated the fact that the chef's actions violating the health code were captured on video, making their job that much easier.

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Child Seat Laws: What You Need to Know

Most adults are quite used to buckling up when they get into a car. But teaching our kids to do the same is not only important, it is the law. Each state has its own child seat laws that require various safety restraint systems for children depending often on age and weight. Here are a few examples of some of the most common.

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Court OKs Fetus Wrongful Death Car Crash Suit

In what looks to become a slippery slope, a Wisconsin 4th District Court of Appeals gave the green light for a man to sue his unborn child's mother's insurance company for wrongful death, after the woman's negligent driving played a part in a car accident. Following the accident, the mother gave birth to a stillborn fetus.

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What is Debt Financing?

Potential or current business owners often ask: what is debt financing? In order to illustrate the importance of that question, let us offer another one:

Besides poor management, what is the top reason why a business fails? 

• Poor concepts?
• Lack of advertising?
• Down economy?

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Feminist Perspectives on the Body

In terms of the history of western philosophy, the philosophy of embodiment is relatively recent. For much of this history the body has been conceptualised as simply one biological object among others, part of a biological nature which our rational faculties set us apart from, as well as an instrument to be directed and a possible source of disruption to be controlled. Problematically for feminists, the opposition between mind and body has also been correlated with an opposition between male and female, with the female regarded as enmeshed in her bodily existence in a way that makes attainment of rationality questionable. "Women are somehow more biological, morecorporeal, and more natural than men" (Grosz 14). Such enmeshment in corporeality was also attributed to colonised bodies and those attributed to the lower classes (McClintock 1995, Alcoff 2006, 103). Challenging such assumptions required feminists to confront corporeality in order to elucidate and confront constructions of sexual difference.

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Animal Rights and Buddhism

From a Buddhist perspective, it seems to me the tricky part of this question is not "animals," but "rights." The concept of rights developed in western civilization over many centuries and came to fruition during the 17th century or so, in the work of Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke.  But there was no such concept in the world 25 centuries ago, during the time of the Buddha.

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What is a Fictitious Business Name?

The term "Fictitious Business" gets thrown around quite frequently. While some might mistake it for a shady business that is "made up," it actually is a legal term for a form of registration required of businesses in certain situations. So how does one know whether they need to file a fictitious business statement?

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Legal Theory Lexicon: Welfare, Well-Being, and Happines

Normative legal theory is concerned with the ends and justifications for the law as a whole and for particular legal rules.  Previous entries in the legal have examined exemplars of the three great traditions in normative theory--consequentialist, deontological, and aretaic (or virtue-centered) perspectives.  There are important differences between these three families of theories at a very general and abstract level: for example, deontologists emphasize rights and wrongs while consequentialists emphasize the goodness or badness of states of affairs.  And there are differences between particular theories within the broad families: within consequentialism, for example, welfarists emphasize preference satisfaction, whereas hedonistic utiliarians emphasize pleasure and pain.

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OnStar Technology Leads to Accused Murderer's Arrest

Thanks to GPS and communications system Onstar technology police have arrested Bryan Ashline, a young father, in connection to a double homicide in the Village of Bath New York.

Bryan Ashline, 23, was arrested on Father's Day and is a suspect in the slaying of a 25-year-old woman and their 3-month-old son, the Daily Star reports.

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Book Review: 'Public Interest Litigation in India: A Renaissance in Social Justice' by Mamta Rao

This book gives a brief description on the past, present and future of the public interest cases in India and abroad. It proves to be an excellent guide to the law students especially at beginning of their studies. Author Dr. Mamta Rao is currently a lecturer of Durgawati University, Jabalpur. She is eminent author who has written a number of law related books for basic and advanced studies in law.


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Russia: Investigate Beating of Human Rights Lawyer

The lawyer, 31-year-old Sapiyat Magomedova, represents victims of human rights abuses, including taking their cases to the European Court of Human Rights. Her colleagues at Omarov and Partners, the law firm she works for in Khasavyurt, Dagestan's second largest city, told Human Rights Watch that police officers beat Magomedova unconscious on the premises of the Khasavyurt police department on June 17, 2010.

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Kings of Sri Lanka

King / Queen	Ruling Period	Year	Capital
Vijaya married Kuveni	38 Years	543 - 505 BC	Thammanna Nuwara
Upathissa	01 Year	505 - 504 BC	Upathissa Nuwara
Panduwas Dev	30 Years	504 -474 BC	Upathissa Nuwara
Abhaya	20 Years	474 - 454 BC	Upathissa Nuwara
Pandukabhaya	70 Years	437 - 367 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Mutasiwa	60 Years	367 - 307 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Devanampiyathissa	40 Years	307 - 267 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Uththiya	10 Years	267 - 257 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahasiwa	10 Years	257 - 247 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Surathissa	10 Years	247 - 237 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Sena & Guththika	22 Years	237 - 215 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Asela	10 Years	215 - 205 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Elara	44 Years	205 - 161 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Dutugemunu	24 Years	161 - 137 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Saddhathissa	18 Years	137 - 119 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Thullaththana	01 Month	119-- BC	Anuradhapuraya
Lajjithissa	09 Years & 08 Month	119 - 109 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Kallathanaga	06 Years	109 - 103 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Wattagamini Abhaya ( Walagamba )	05 Month- ( 1st rulling time )	103 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Walagamba	12- Years ( 2nd rulling time )	89 - 76 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Pualahattha	03 Years	103 - 100 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Bhahiya	02 Years	100 - 98 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Panayamara	07 Years	98 - 91 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Piliyamara	07 Month	91 - 90 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Dhatiya	02 Years	90 - 89 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahasilu Mahathissa	14 Years	76 -- 62 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Choranaga	12 Years	62 - 50 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Thissa ( Kuda Thissa )	03 Years	50 - 47 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Anula & Her Husbands-- 1 st Woman to lead	04 Years & 03 Month	47 - 42 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Kutakannathissa	22 Years	42 - 20 BC	Anuradhapuraya
Bhathiya , Bhathika Abhaya, Bhathiya Thissa	28 Years	20 BC - 09 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahadeliya Mahanaga	12 Years	09 - 21 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Amanda Gamini	09 Years-	21 - 30 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kanirajanuthissa	03 Years	30 - 33 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Chulabhaya	02 Years	33 - 35 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Queen Seewali	04 Month	35 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Eylanaga	09- Years	35 - 44 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Chandramukhaseewa	08 Years	44 - 52 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Yasalalakathissa	07 Years & 08 Month	52 - 60 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Subharaja	06 Years	60 - 66 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Wasabha	44 Years	66 - 110 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Wankanasikathissa	03 Years	110 - 113 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Gajaba - I	22 Years	113 - 135 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahallakhanagha	06 Years	135 - 141 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Bhathiya Thissa - II	24 Years	141 - 165 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kanitthathissa	28 Years	165 - 193 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Chulanaga ( Kujjanaga )	02 Years	193 - 195 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kunchanaga	01 Years	195 - 196 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sirinaga	19 Years	196 - 215 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Voharikathissa	22 Years	215 - 236 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Abhayanaga	08 Years	236 - 244 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sirinaga - II	08 Years	244 - 246 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Vijayakumara	01 Year	246 - 247 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sangathissa	04 Years	247 - 251 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sirisangabhodhi ( Sirisagabo )	02 Years	251 - 253 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Ghotabhaya	13 Years	253 - 266 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Detuthis - I ( Jettathissa )	10 Years-	266 - 276 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahasen	27 Years	276 - 303 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sirimewan	28 Years	303 - 331 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Detuthissa - II	09 Years	331 - 340 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Buddhadasa	29 Years	340 - 369 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Upathissa - I	42 Years	369 - 410 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahanama	22 Years	410 - 432 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Soththisena	01 Day	432 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Chaththagrahaka	01 Year	432 - 433 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Miththasena	01 Years	433 - 434 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Pandu		434 - 459 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Parinda		434 - 459 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kudaparinda		434 - 459 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Thirithara		434 - 459 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dhatiya		434 - 459 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Phitiya	Total 27 years	434 - 459 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dhatusena	18 Years	459 - 477 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kashayapa	18 Years	477 - 495 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mugalan -- I	18 Years	495 - 512 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kumaradasa ( Kumara Dhathusena )	09 Years	512 - 521 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Keerthisena	09 Month	521 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Siwa	25 Days	521 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Upathissa - II	01 Year	521 - 522 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Silakala	13 Years	522 - 535 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dathappabhuthi ( Dhapuphasen )	06 Month	535 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mugalan -- III	20 Years	535 - 555 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kithsirimewan- ( Keerthi Sri Megawarna )	19 Years	555 - 573 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahanaga	03 years	573- -575 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - I ( Agrabhodhi )	34 Years	575 - 608 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - III	10 Years	608 - 618 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sangathissa	02 Month	618 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mugalan - III	05 Years	618 - 623 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Asigrahaka ( Shilamegawarna )	09 Years	623 - 632 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - III	06 Month ( 1st rulling time)	632 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Jetthathissa ( Detuthissa )- - III	05 Month	632 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo- - III	16 Years- ( 2nd rulling time )	632 - 648 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dathasiwa - I	02 Years	648 - 650 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kashayapa -- II	09 years	650 - 659 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dappula - I	03 Years	659 - 662 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Haththadatha ( Dhatopathissa - II )	09 Years	659 - 667 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - IV ( Aggabhodhi )	16 Years	667 - 683 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Daththa	02 Years	683 - 684 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Haththadatha-	06 Month	684 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Manawamma	35 Years	684 - 719 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - V	06 Years	719 - 725 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kashshapa - III	06 Years	725 - 731 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mahinda - I-- ( Mihindu )	03 Years	731- 733 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo- - VI	40 Years	733 - 722 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - VII	06 Years	772 - 718 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mihindu - II	20 Years		Anuradhapuraya
Dappula -II ( Udaya - I )	05 Years	797 - 802 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mihindi - III	03 Years	802 - 805 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - VIII	11 Years	805 - 816 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dappula - III	16 Years	816 - 831 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Agbo - IX	02 Years	831 - 833 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sena - I	20 Years	833 - 853 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sena - II	35 Years	853 - 887 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Udaya - II	11 Years	887 - 898 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kashshapa- - IV	17 Years	898 - 915 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Kashshapa- - V	09 Years	915 - 924 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dappula - IV	07 Month	924 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Dappula - V	12 Years	924 - 935 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Udaya - II	03 Years	935 - 938 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sena - III	08 Years	938 - 946 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Udaya - III	06 Years	946 - 952 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sena - IV	03 Years	952 - 955 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mihindu - IV	16 Years	955 - 972 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Sena - V	10 Years	972 - 982 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Mihindu - V	36 Years	982 - 1018 AC	Anuradhapuraya
Vijayabahu - I	55 Years	1055 - 1110 AC	Polonnaruwa
Jayabahu - I	01 Year	1110 AC	Polonnaruwa
Vickramabahu	21 Years	1110 - 1131 AC	Polonnaruwa
Gajaba - II	22 Years	1131 - 1153 AC	Polonnaruwa
Maha Parakramabahu - I	33 Years Picture below	1153 - 1186 AC	Polonnaruwa
Vijayabahu - II	01 Year	1186 - 1187 AC	Polonnaruwa
Mihindu ( mahinda ) - IV	05 Days	117 AC	Polonnaruwa
Nishshankamalla	09 Years Picture below	1187 - 1196 AC	Polonnaruwa	**1
Veerabahu - I	01 Day	1196 AC	Polonnaruwa
Vickramabahu - II	03 Month	1196 AC	Polonnaruwa
Chidaganga	09 Month	1196 - 1197 AC	Polonnaruwa
Leelawathi	03 Years ( 1st rulling time )	1197 - 1200 AC	Polonnaruwa
Leelawathi	01 Year ( 2nd rulling time )	1210 AC	Polonnaruwa
Leelawathi	07 Month ( 3rd rulling time )	1212 AC	Polonnaruwa
Sahasamalla	02 Years	1200- - 1202 Ac	Polonnaruwa
Kalyanawati	08 Years	1202 - 1210 AC	Polonnaruwa
Darmshoka	01 Year	1210 AC	Polonnaruwa
Anikanga	17 days	1210 AC	Polonnaruwa
Lokeshwara	09 Month	1211 AC	Polonnaruwa
Parakramapandu	03 Years	1212 - 1215 AC	Polonnaruwa
Kalinga- Maga	21 Years	1215 - 1236 AC	Polonnaruwa
Vijayabahi - III	04 Years	1220- 1224 AC	Dambadeniya
Parakramabahu - II	35 Years	1234 -1269 AC	Dambadeniya
Vijayabahu - IV	03 Years	1267 - 1270 Ac	Dambadeniya
Buvanekabahu - I	12 Years	1270 -1283 AC	Dambadeniya & Yapahuwa
Parakramabahu - III	06 Years	1287 - 1293 AC	Polonnaruwa
Buwanekabahu - II	09 Years	1293 - 1302 AC	Kurunegala
Panditha Parakramabahu - IV	24 Years	1302 - 1326 AC	Kurunegala
Buwanekabahu - III			Kurunegala
Vijayabahu - V			Kurunegala
Buvanekabahu - IV	12 Years	1341 - 1353 AC	Gampola
Parakramabahu - V	15 Years	1344 - 1359	Dedigama & Gampola
Vickramabahu - III	17 Years	1357 - 1374 AC	Gampola
Buvanekabahu - V	37 Years	1372 - 1408 AC	Gampola
Veerabahu - II	05 Years	1392 - 1397 AC	Raigama
Veeraalakeshvara	12 Years	1397 - 1410 Ac	Raigama
Parakramabahu - VI ( 1 st King in Kotte)-157 th King	55 Years	1412 - 1467 AC	Kotte
Jayabahu - II	05 Years	1467 - 1472 AC	Kotte
Buvanekabahu - VI	09 Years	1472 - 1480 AC	Kotte
Parakramabahu - VII	04 Years	1480 - 1484 AC	Kotte
Veeraparakramabahu - VIII	24 Years	1484- 1508 AC	Kotte
Darma Parakramabahu - IX	20 Years	1508 - 1528 AC	Kotte & Kelaniya
Vijayabahu - VII	12 Years	1510 - 1522 AC	Kotte
Buwanekabahu- - VII	30 Years-	1522 - 1551 AC	Kotte
Darmapala	46 Years	1551 - 1597 Ac	Kotte
Mayadunna	60 Years	1521 - 1581 AC	Seethawaka
Rajasinghe - I	39 years	1554 - 1593 AC	Seethawaka
Don Pilip	01 Year	1591 AC	Mahanuwara
Wimaladarmasuriya - I	13 years		Mahanuwara
Senarath	31 Years	1604 1635 AC	Mahanuwara ( Senkadagala )
Rajasinghe - II	52 Years	1635 - 1687 AC	Senkadagala
Wimaladarmasuriya - II	20 Years	1687 - 1707 AC	Mahanuwara ( Senkadagala )
Narendrasinghe	32 Years	1707 - 1739 AC	Mahanuwara ( Senkadagala )
Vijaya Rajasinghe	08 Years	1739 - 1747 AC	Mahanuwara ( Senkadagala )
Keerthi Sri Rajasinghe	35 years	1747 - 1782 AC	Mahanuwara ( Senkadagala )
Radhirajasinghe	16 Years	1782 - 1798 AC	Mahanuwara ( Senkadagala )
Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe ( 177 th King)	17 Years picture below	1798 - 1815 AC	Mahanuwara ( Senkadagala )	**2

  Rulers of Jaffnapatam ( 1210- 1619 AD)

 Parliament of Sri Lanka